Every component of a football, from the outer layer to the inside, is carefully designed and manufactured using advanced chemical techniques.
The outer layer of a football, also known as the casing, is made from polyurethane. Polyurethane results from the reaction between two components, a (di)isocyanate and a polyol – one of the products that INEOS produces at our site in Zwijndrecht. Specialty PVC, as produced at 5 INEOS Inovyn sites in Europe including Jemeppe in Belgium – can also be used.
Polyurethane and PVC are chosen for their excellent water resistance and durability. These properties mean that the ball remains lightweight and retains its shape and performance in wet weather.
Beneath the outer layer is the lining, which is essential to the structure and resilience of the ball. This lining is often made up of several layers of nylon or polyester, both of which are polymers. Nylon provides strength and elasticity, while polyester offers good shape retention and durability. These materials ensure that the ball bounces well and lasts for a long time, even after intensive use.
The core of the football, the bladder, is the part that holds the air and gives the ball its round shape. The bladder is often made of butyl rubber, a synthetic rubber known for its airtightness. Butyl rubber ensures that the ball retains its pressure for longer, which is essential for a consistent game.