In parallel, an anti-dumping probe covering Australia, China, Colombia, Indonesia, Japan and Russia resulted in provisional duties of $60–$120 per tonne in November 2025, the report noted.
GTRI flagged freight benchmarking as a key concern in the anti-dumping investigation. While LAM coke is shipped largely as dry bulk with freight costs of about $20–25 per tonne, container freight benchmarks were reportedly used, inflating landed values and dumping margins beyond what trade economics would justify.
The impact on supply is already visible, the report said. In the first half of 2025, steelmakers secured about 1.5 million tonnes of metallurgical coke against demand exceeding 3 million tonnes, increasing reliance on uneven domestic supply and raising the risk of production disruptions. With LAM coke making up roughly 38% of finished steel costs, a 20–25% rise in coke prices translates into a 3–5% increase in steel prices, squeezing margins and affecting competitiveness in domestic and export markets.
Restricted access to quality coke has also reduced productivity by increasing coke consumption, raising energy use and causing operational downtime. MSMEs in secondary steel, foundries and ferro-alloys have been hit hardest, with cost pressures cascading into downstream sectors such as automobiles, infrastructure and engineering exports, the report noted.
