Northvolt‘s financial collapse deals a blow to Europe’s plan to set up its own battery industry to power electric cars, stirring a debate about whether it needs to do more to attract investment as startups struggle to catch up with Chinese rivals.
Europe’s biggest hope for an electric vehicle battery champion filed for U.S. Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on Thursday after talks with investors and creditors including Volkswagen and Goldman Sachs for funding failed.
The Swedish company, whose motto is “make oil history”, has received more than USD 10 billion in equity, debt and public financing since its 2016 start-up. Volkswagen and Goldman Sachs each own about one fifth of its shares.
Northvolt said on Friday it needed USD 1.0-USD 1.2 billion in new funds under the restructuring process, which it hopes will end by the end of March.
In recent months, it has shrunk the business and cut jobs in a bid to shore up its finances. But it has struggled to produce sufficient volumes of high-quality batteries, and lost a 2 billion euro (USD 2.1 billion) contract from BMW in June.
That has left Europe’s ambitions to build its own battery industry looking a distant dream.
In recent years, Northvolt led a wave of European startups investing tens of billions of dollars to serve the continent’s automakers as they switch from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles.
But growth in EV demand is moving at a slower pace than many in the industry projected, and China has taken a huge lead in powering EVs, controlling 85% of global battery cell production, International Energy Agency data shows.
Making batteries and cells, the units that store and convert chemical energy into electricity, is a delicate process and doing so at scale is a challenge for any battery maker.
Northvolt has missed some in-house targets and curtailed production at its battery cells plant in northern Sweden, underscoring the difficulties, Reuters reported on Monday.
“The biggest issue is that batteries are not easy to make and Northvolt haven’t satisfied the supply demands of their customers – that is a management issue,” said Andy Palmer, founder of consultancy Palmer Automotive said.
“The Chinese are technologically 10 years ahead of the West in batteries. That’s a fact,” he said.
At least eight companies have postponed or abandoned EV battery projects in Europe this year, including China’s Svolt and joint venture ACC, led by Stellantis and Mercedes-Benz.
In 2024, Europe’s battery pipeline capacity out to 2030 has fallen by 176 gigawatt-hours, according to data firm Benchmark Minerals. That’s equivalent to almost all the current installed capacity in Europe, according to Reuters calculations.
Rethink
Some executives say Europe should do more to attract and support home-grown projects so they can compete with Chinese rivals such as CATL and BYD.
“Europe needs to rethink how it supports a nascent sector before China eats up the entire value chain, which is due to smart planning,” said James Frith, European head of Volta Energy Technologies, which specialises in battery and energy storage technology.
Among its USD 5.8 billion in debts, Northvolt owes the European Investment Bank (EIB) some USD 313 million.
EIB vice president Thomas Ostros said it had been a constructive partner to Northvolt, but it needed to safeguard the EIB and EU’s interests.
“It remains the case that Europe has a strategic interest in a European battery industry for electric cars and we will follow developments very closely. But it is much to early to say what the outcome will be,” he said.
The Swedish government has repeatedly said it does not plan to take a stake in Northvolt.
On Friday, Northvolt’s outgoing CEO and co-founder Peter Carlsson said he was a “little worried” Europe is giving up on its dream of competing with China.
He said Europe would regret it in 20 years time if it retreated.
“It’s not a straight journey and right now, we’re all in a bit of a down in that journey where there’s more hesitations, there’s more questions on the speed of the transition from the carmakers, from policymakers, from the investor community,” he told reporters in a call.
